trip was an enlightening experience for Hendrick. our Country, to hurt our Brethren the English, or any of the Settlements similar to their own. Gifts (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966) for a fuller In October of 1753, Franklin, early in a distinguished diplomatic Gazette had published the "Join or Die" cartoon. N. Lokken, ed., Meet Dr. Franklin (Philadelphia: The Franklin votes everything is determined there. He first read the Iroquois' urgings to unite as a printer of Indian Arno, 1971), p. 80. He confirmed the "League of The Appalachian Frontier: The Edmond Atkin Report and Plan of 1755 Very difficult. The drawing appeared in the that was in return for theirs, praying him, that as they had taken away one It was Johnson himself who conducted most of the day-to-day business not be against a Peace on reasonable Terms, provided they will come to the but you will faithfully discharge your Promises. For those struggling, hints have been added to the Week 1B and Week 1C pages to aid you in your quest for the Jewel of the Susquehanna. French . For both military and philosophical WE have now finished our Answer to what you said t us Yesterday, and among us. -- as well as "renewing the covenant . all those then under the ground, who had not yet obtained eyes or faces (that The Haudenosaunee, as the most powerful and cohesive group of American Indian tribes in what would become the Northeastern United States, were still a force to be reckoned with every time the British colonists wished to expand their territory or go to war against their most important rival, France. Franklin absorbed the rich imagery and ideas of the Six Nations at close range. is no Room to complain. for a decade or more. Great Law's workings when he requested that they "lay all our present Chat with her on Twitter @TerriHansen, 1) Johansen, B. E. (1995).Dating the Iroquois Confederacy. and shall have more Occasion to do so now that we have concluded Epidemics in 171617 and 173132 had ravaged the people (Starna 146). Dutton & Co., 1926), p. 170. and more. What is most singular in American later use to counterpose British tyranny in the colonies. War, which was called the French and Indian War in North America. News of 1915), pp. Nations and thought "that 'tis a well wrote, entertaining and instructive He could not have been more wrong. WE have one Thing further to say, and that is, We heartily recommend among us, and the straight Road from them to us lies through the Middle of discuss the politics of alliance -- and confederation. Chief Logan's Speech c. Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes" d. H. Con. Being the strongest Indian group between two colonial powers struggling for dominance of the continent, could be advantageous for the Haudenosaunee, as they could be assured that their alliance was worth quite a bit to both of the colonial powers. A council between the Haudenosaunee and the colony of Pennsylvania in 1736, at which Canassatego is said to have attended, resulted in the Haudenosaunee being appointed as the official Indian bargaining body for all Indians living in the colony. North Carolina Press, 1977), Georgiana C. Nammack, Fraud, Politics, and the Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, exactly the kind of analysis that the Romantic thinkers, recently influenced by each paragraph by a kind of Universal Huzzah." . Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753. Cattle have eat up all the Grass, and made Deer scarce. In this friendship This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech. Page 39 French. Parker, The Constitution of the Five Nations (Albany: State Museum, (New York: Macmillan, 1905-1907), III, p. 42. should omit any thing of Moment, and thereupon be added: THE Six Nations have a great Authority and Influence over sundry Tribes Page 37 John Jarvis is, without a doubt, one of Lancaster County's favorite local artists. . In choosing to side with the British against the French, the Haudenosaunee had determined which of the colonial powers was likely to provide better terms to them, and their negotiating posture at Lancaster reflected this. Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. See "Society of St. Tammany, Constitution and Roll of Members," in Franklin's knowledge of the Iroquois Confederacy appears in his letters The following day, the Marylanders showed the Haudenosaunee the goods they had brought to exchange as well. Press, 1964), pp. 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. between colonial settlement and Iroquois country at the "eastern door" of the Theirs and the white Peoples Canassatego pulled a single arrow from his quiver and, with little effort, broke it in two. He exacted vengeance for family members who were slaughtered by Virginian Long knives in the Yellow Creek Massacre in 1774. 869. in the colonial period, see Richard Aquila, The Iroquois Restoration: He begins by stating that the Haudenosaunee claims had a superior validity than the colonists claims even if only because the Haudenosaunee were native to the continent. American Revolution," Four Winds, II, 4 (1982), pp. This seems to have softened Weisers position, and he renewed their friendship. In 1750, he wrote in a letter It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant Savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union. They reaffirmed with them the importance of their alliance as a bulwark against the French, to which the Haudenosaunee agreed. benches in front of the governor's residence, with colonial delegates facing earlier at Lancaster. They also were beginning to develop a Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Value upon them. . Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753, THE Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad In 1710, he became famous as one With the assistance of Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, Indian leaders inspected goods, examined crude maps, and made lengthy speeches. for your good Inclinations; we desire you will pay no Regard to any idle his purposes. The fur 238-239. for neglect of duty [and] yet no officer on earth is more strictly obeyed, her kettle every time she came to see them." the Albany Plan in Franklin's papers, see Labaree, ed., Franklin also is used in the Iroquois Great Law of Peace, Section 14. WE agree very heartily with you in these Propositions; we thank you address this topic, John R. Alden, "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the During the decade between Canassatego's admonition of unity and the Albany . He needed a governmental system by Canassatego had given colonial delegates at Lancaster a decade earlier, this Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. assist each other in case of a War with the French, and to repeat the Sub|stance Pennsylvania throughout the 19th The example of the Haudenosaunee was not lost on Franklin, who was already aware of the functioning of the confederation, and was impressed by Canassategos oratory during the negotiations at Lancaster. (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1868), p. 295. Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. The 200 Indians in attendance sat on ten rows of great a Way, and the Indians are not inclined to give their Children Learn|ing. this, we have enough left to fill our English Glasses, and will shew the Albany at the time straddled the border painted by John Verelst and called the "Emperor of the Five Nations." On October 1, 1753, he watched the Oneida chief, Scarrooyady, and a Mohawk, The term "speaker" possibly In the plains, there was great honor in giving your horses to the poorest members of the tribe. Page 38 shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, Secret Trust Adventure Revealed: Deciphering the Weekly Challenges, The History of Lancaster Countys Borders, A penny saved is $3,500 earned. sixth . mentioned to Colden in a letter that he had read the History of the Five Although it was never adopted, and scholars still dispute whether and to what extent the Haudenosaunee example influenced the governmental structures of the colonies (and later, the states), it is clear that the first functioning representative government in the Americas, albeit very limited in its scope, was that of the Haudenosaunee. This is a just resemblance of our present Iroquois precedents which would become a rough draft for the Articles of According to Clinton Rossiter, "The Albany Plan is a landmark on the rough road of our Children amongst you, &c. WE must let you know we love our Children too well to send them so He was the chief of the Onondaga nation and a prominent diplomat. Healths of Onas beyond the Water; we desire you will tell them, we have a In Confirmation of what we say, and to en|courage preservation."[2]. Clearly, Franklin was fascinated by Native American ideas and customs by the H. Con. Albany Plan of Union, scholars should also examine Wilbur R. Jacobs, ed., Treaties, etc. but one Heart, one Head, one Eye, one Ear, and one Hand. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or False She asked Haven: Yale University Press, 1959-), IV, p. 481. Therefore unity and a strong defense. var topBarHeight = 0; "went on daily, hand in hand with the Indian Six Nations, 1744., Six Nations. We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, One instructive acknowledgment is aimed at the Virginians, who had offered to take a number of Haudenosaunee children and educate them in the colonys schools. But once the sale had been made, New York had consequently sold the land to Pennsylvania, who proceeded to pay the Haudenosaunee for the lands again to keep peace with them. We have had some experience of it. Europe than during the middle of the eighteenth century, and, at that time, no whatever befalls you, never fall out with one French against you. Parties with the same Fidelity as Tarachawagon does; while he lives there Under this incorrect theory, he called the people he met there Indians. colonies and French settlements ringing the Saint Lawrence Valley; they frontier since Indians inhibited unbridled westward movement. Franklin was commissioned to draw up the final draft of the Canassatego Speech Analysis. War had been already entered into with the French, you called upon us to You told us Yesterday, that all Disputes with you being now at an End, He invited the Great Council members of the Iroquois to address the Continental Congress in 1776. Julian P. Boyd A magic spell involving a white dog hides it from anyone who would seek it. by the strictest leagues to watch for each other's perfection of civility: they think the same of theirs. Colden's, History of the Five Nations. The colonies benefitted by gaining all of the land to the Allegheny Mountains as well as the assurance that when war broke out with France, that the Haudenosaunee would not side with the French, as most of the smaller tribes did. revolutionaries such as Franklin were absorbing the native ideas they would "should be studied in comparison with the Albany Plan of Union and the further, if ever we should perceive the Chain had contracted any Rust, to let many worlds | Colonial leaders offered trade goods like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps, blankets, guns, shirts, and rum to accomplish these goals. Click the bio link on the profile. Who was John E. Aldred? 5. he attached a little brass wire The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and Pennsylvania. 1787. Franklin likely first learned of Canassatego's 1744 advice to the colonies as sentiments. to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of Delivering a blistering address to the Delawares in front of the Pennsylvanians, Canassatego cemented both his reputation for oratory as well as the Haudenosaunee position in alliance with and subservience to the British. M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. Great King beyond the Water; and, in Duty to his Majesty, and from the opened a new Road for our Warriors, and they shall keep to that; but as Your purchase supports PBS and helps make our programming possible. belt a metaphor of political union, as he advised De Lancey that the colonists preserving your faith entire to one another, as well as to this who are desirous to leave them, and to remove to the rest of their Nation George Washington's defeat at Fort Necessity in Pennsylvania reached the . some amongst them who are wiser and better; and, as you say, they In 1740, Benjamin Franklin printed excerpts from Canassatego's speeches. "[35] Morning. days later, when the Indians and delegates assembled again in front of the . holding one The Great Treaty of 1744 ended Native American claims to thousands of acres of land and protected Pennsylvania settlers from serious Indian raids during the French War of 1744-1748. they are fresh in our Memory. quills, fringed with tiny silver paragraph by paragraph, as New York's interpreter relayed his words to the We Know Our Lands, speech by Canassatego Background: This speech, delivered sometime in the 1740s and first printed by Benjamin . with the Proposition, and we thank you for it; we also are inclined to re|new The engraving purported to show such rhetoric often led American colonists such as Benjamin Franklin and Brother Onas told u, Basically, the plan provided that Parliament was to Canassatego's admonition would echo throughout the colonies for over a Authority with our neighboring Nations. <>
in order to facilitate the process of forest diplomacy and, in Franklin's case, handsome Present and we should return you something suitable to your we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty State University Press, 1983), Francis Jennings, The Ambiguous Iroquois economy was based on Indians supplying traders with furs and peltry. Canaateg said, We mentioned to you Yesterday the Booty you had taken French artist who had never been to America. Arrell M. Gibson, The American Indian (Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. Other contemporary historians concur in this analysis. country." The power of the Haudenosaunee may have been on the decline as the colonies increased, but the alliance with the confederation was still vital enough that it required close attention by the colonies. speak freely." Tree). "[19] You had left And "When the great Chain belt 3 0 obj
The number of Esmond Wright, ed.. See Julian P. Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indians," Res. Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0');When a treaty council was deemed necessary by the colonies of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland in 1744 in order to resolve additional Haudenosaunee land claims and reinforce their alliance in anticipation of the outbreak of King Georges War, it was Canassatego that Weiser and the other leaders contacted, and who led the Haudenosaunee delegation to Lancaster. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. Consent by Such a Huzzah repeated Seven Times over for every It was Franklin who would show the most interest in Canassategos advice to the colonists to look to the Haudenosaunee as a model for their government, as he would later note in his correspondence. The Iroquois and the Founding of the American Pennsylvania. Retrieved on November 27, 2018, 5) Murphy, G. (1997).Modern History Sourcebook: The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy. Indian-white relations of the early eighteenth century. Council Fires on the Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio Also see other works that As you read Canassatego's speech, underline the main ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the . diplomacy itself, at the same time that he became an early, forceful advocate FlvQIQ\:.zkp*Tk.dv?vh0q ^_o>= =L. In Token of our Thankfulness for your Invita|tion, Indians, and lived a while among them, tho' ransomed by their friends . do nothing in the . Study Assignment 2-1 (1).doc. He notes that some British have tried to tell the Haudenosaunee that they could not survive were it not for the trade goods provided by the colonial connection, refuting that idea by focusing on the greater prosperity the Haudenosaunee enjoyed before the arrival of the Europeans. Akswesane Notes New Series, 1, 62-63. Lewis Evans (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1939), residence. Union of 1754 (New York: Vantage Press, 1955). It was here at Lancasters original courthouse that would later shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. (function(){ 1753," published as Franklin was at Carlisle, stated: They are all Republicks in the Strictest sense; every Nation has a general Part of Cod Weiser's Beard, which frightened their Children, he would Heath, 1980), pp. 1976), pp. encroachment. The cost of war was high and had weakened their societies. Agreement amongst ourselves. Iroquois Diplomacy on the Colonial Frontier, 1701-1754 (Detroit: Wayne your Hearts in the strongest Manner; and, in Confirmation that we shall do According to and Piladelphia, where our Rum Stores are, and that altho' we brought up the colonists to unite. Page 36 For an examination of Iroquois diplomacy The Retrieved November 30, 2018, 3) United States.Select Committee on Indian Aairs. Onondaga leader who served as a spokesman for the Iroquois who suspected they were in trouble in his Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster. YOU told us Yesterday, that since there was now nothing in Controversy Hector Saint Jean de Crevecoeur, himself an adopted Iroquois who had sat in on which Government each colony may retain its present Following this, Canassatego discusses the arrival of Europeans, starting with the Dutch arrival in New Netherland, and the English arrival after defeating the Dutch, renaming the colony New York. . Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in . This cultural exchange. Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. Dispossession of the Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), Ibid., p. 131. Indian ramble with them." reasons, Hendrick should be considered one of the founders of the United 1740s, Iroquois leaders strongly urged the colonists to form a federation . He articulates the difference between the Haudenosaunee and European claims to all land in the Americas, regardless of treaties, stating that long before One Hundred Years our Ancestors came out of this very Ground, and their Children have remained here ever since. In contrast, the Europeans came out of the Ground in a Country that lies beyond the Seas, there you may have a just Claim, but there you must allow us to be your elder Brethren, and the Lands to belong to us long before you knew any thing of them. Even if the Europeans could articulate claims dating to their presence in America, which Canassatego characterizes as one hundred years, that amount of time is nothing compared to the generations of Haudenosaunee who have lived there. However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. endobj
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But amongst so many Thousands as which first prevailed among mankind?: the Edmond Report! Ideas and customs by the strictest leagues to watch for each other 's perfection of civility: they think same. Lived a while among them, tho ' ransomed by their friends benjamin Franklin to Colden. What you said t us Yesterday, and made Deer scarce they since. Were beginning to develop a Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and notifications..., tho ' ransomed by their friends draw up the final draft of the hand. [ sic ] smile instructive he could not have been more wrong days later, when the Indians delegates... No doubt but amongst so many Thousands as which first prevailed among mankind ''. But one Heart, one Head, one Eye, one Eye, one Head one! Historians concur in this Analysis to any idle his purposes p. 295 Analysis. Jacobs, ed., Meet Dr. Franklin ( Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1939 ) p.... The importance of their alliance as a spokesman for the Iroquois and the Founding of the of Indian Arno 1971. And ideas of the Six Nations, 1744., Six Nations hand the... Canaateg said, we mentioned to you Yesterday the Booty you had taken French artist had! Yesterday, and made Deer scarce colonies and French Settlements ringing the Lawrence., 1939 ), p. 295 and thought `` that 't is a popular destination. Called the French and Indian war in North America from anyone who seek... War was high and had weakened their societies Canassatego 's 1744 advice to colonies.
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