This box will close automatically! The sand particles in a fluidized bed are analagous to excited molecules. While all the talk of bio-media and fluidization may sound complex, fluidized bed filters are actually remarkably simple. Due to its unique shape, the Lifegard Fluidized Bed Filter is an extremely efficient, high capacity biological filter. I kept the surface skimmer and other bits i added to prefilter. Refresh your browser window to try again. Because the volume of the fluidized bed is larger, the exposed surface area of the sand is greater. The fluidized bed filter (FBF) is a biological reactor only. The use of fluidized sand filters or multi-purpose reactors for aerobic bio-filtration is no longer a new concept. Ammonia and Nitrite are always 0 and the water is crystal clear. The great advantage with planted aquariums is the fact that these filters will not reduce the CO2 levels in the water which the plants depend on. Finally, Backwash velocity is slowly decreased, and the bed is Am5vwq(PkgG>rv~z7o}. This method is particularly necessary to ease the maintenance required in your aquarium. Anaerobic sand may release highly toxic hydrogen sulfide, sometimes within hours of pump . Click here to recover it! QuickSand and Pentair are generally the best reviewed fluidized bed filters available to the hobbyist. You can make a fluidized bed by blowing air through the bottom of a container of sand. C $19.53. Ofrece la cra de pez conejo una solucin al desperdicio de alimentos en Japn? A review of unit processes in RAS systems, Biofilter inoculation in recirculating aquaculture systems, Brunei project develops technology for large black tiger shrimp production, part 3, Microbead filters: cost-effective, scalable filtration, Homegrown Shrimp USA officially opens new shrimp RAS facility in Florida, Feeding simulation developed using fish-schooling behavior. Coarse-sand fluidized beds support very high TAN conversions, but usually only at elevated ammonia levels greater than 1.5 mg-N per liter. There are three kinds of filtration which are normally present in one way or another in any aquarium system. 5.5.9.3 Fluidized-bed sand filters. There is a large pressure loss due to piping and orifice outlets. Does rabbitfish farming offer a solution to food waste in Japan? (lbs/kg), Water hardness matters chemistry made easy, Easy Steps To Setting Up Your Own Aquarium At Home, Cardinal Tetra Care Guide Size, Lifespan & More, Black Skirt Tetra Care: The Ultimate Guide, Columbian Shark 101: The Ultimate Care Guide, Bleeding Heart Tetra The Complete Care Manual, Convict Cichlid Care Guide: Tank Size, Mates, Breeding & More, Bala Shark 101 All the Basics You Need to Know. The filters have proven to remove the following from dirty water: 100% of worms and their eggs; 99.8% of protozoa; 97-99% of bacteria; 95% of viruses; The filters can also remove turbidity as well as some heavy metals such . Recent advances in FSB design have improved hydraulic efficiency, reliability, installation costs and maintenance. It can remove very small particles as small as 0.3 m in diameter. trailer <]/Prev 36507/XRefStm 982>> startxref 0 %%EOF 94 0 obj <>stream Individual membership costs just $50 a year. squareriggersailor said: I used to have a fluidized sand filter back in the early Nineties. Thanks a lot for understanding! Password must be at least 6 characters long! These filters are actually known by many terms. From lab and pilot systems to complex systems for production. -7% $8499. Then it flows back into the tank from the top of the filter body. Login and password don't match any record in our database! Now I gotta look up the videos of the media swirling around the reactor! Sponsored. Free shipping for many products! Something went wrong. Quiksand quicksand Fluidized Bed Filter 18" QSB-1. 0000011740 00000 n There are several types of media that can be used in these filters, the most common being sand, white quartz, and even sintered glass. FSBs utilize this surface area by fluidizing the sand. Unfortunately this page doesn't allow discussion. Creates a Strong Colony of Beneficial Bacteria. Due to their simplicity there are several models on the market, supplied by the big aquarium distributors, which are relatively cheap, compared to other forms of filtration; TMC, Red Sea, Rainbow, Quicksand, and Pentair all produce their own brands. I also used a large one for my outdoor pond years ago, but for water polishing. [FreshBundle bundle_id=fluidized_filter_and_air_pump_001 layout=grid columns=2 custom_title=Fluidized Bed Filter & Air Pump Set title_fontfamily=Open Sans custom_title_font=20 custom_buy_button=Buy Today for Savings button_styles=button_style2 button_color=#dd3333 custom_cta= target=current box_border=border_style1 border_color=#dd3333 custom_bgcolor=#ffffff header_image= ]. Biological filters are essential parts of recirculating aquaculture systems that transform toxic fish compounds such as ammonium and nitrite into less-harmful nitrate. Quiksand quicksand Fluidized Bed Filter 18" QSB-1. Some models cheap means poor quality control. This email address has already been taken! A lot of fish breeders are using this system as a backup, mainly due to the fact of the efficient reduction in ammonia and nitrate levels which can increase rapidly in their growing on tanks as they will feed the juvenile fish high protein diets in order to aid the growth rates which in turn will result in higher fish waste. Apopka, FL 32703 Phone: 877-347-4788 Fax: 407-886-6787 PAES.General@Pentair.com PentairAES.com The QuikSand Delta fluidized bed filter is a high-capacity biological By fluidizing or suspending fine grained media in a column of water, they increase surface area and contact time for highly efficient biological filtration. System water is pumped into a tower (usually an acrylic cylinder) where the aquarists choice of bio-media is then suspended in the current. Can kelp farming fix the planet? Disadvantages of conventional FSBs No matter how simple the concept, its application can often be complicated and frustrating. Dont allow a mature fluidized bed filter to remain off and connected to the system for more than an hour. View cart for details. Something went wrong. The use of fluidized sand filters or multi-purpose reactors for aerobic bio-filtration is no longer a new concept. The quantity of media included can be too low read a few reviews for each product to check. Back then his father gave him a goldfish, and its been 35 years learning about this fascinating hobby. Flat side allows for a snug fit to any aquarium or resivoir tank. 0000009703 00000 n The new design concept replaces internal manifolding with an external plenum chamber around the base of the FSB chamber (Fig. . "),d=t;a[0]in d||!d.execScript||d.execScript("var "+a[0]);for(var e;a.length&&(e=a.shift());)a.length||void 0===c?d[e]?d=d[e]:d=d[e]={}:d[e]=c};function v(b){var c=b.length;if(0q endstream endobj 93 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[5 65]/Length 20/Size 70/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Subject: Re: Fluidized Bed Filters; From: "Mike Bateman" <spine at stlnet_com> Date: Tue, 2 Sep 1997 16:20:06 -0500 . Its scalability is one of its major advantages. Water is injected at the bottom of a sand bed. There are several disadvantages to this internal manifolding. Free shipping for many products! 0000015199 00000 n Of the two, Pentairs is probably the best choice for the hobbyist. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); The cardinal tetra is a beautiful freshwater fish popular among aquarium enthusiasts. As a pioneer in fluidized bed systems technology, we offer our customers a wide range of fluidized bed systems for all powder processing industries. C $32.22. This will be connected to a pump to push water through the filter. I have seen the QuickSand brand and I own a Merlin. !b.a.length)for(a+="&ci="+encodeURIComponent(b.a[0]),d=1;d=a.length+e.length&&(a+=e)}b.i&&(e="&rd="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(B())),131072>=a.length+e.length&&(a+=e),c=!0);C=a;if(c){d=b.h;b=b.j;var f;if(window.XMLHttpRequest)f=new XMLHttpRequest;else if(window.ActiveXObject)try{f=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")}catch(r){try{f=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}catch(D){}}f&&(f.open("POST",d+(-1==d.indexOf("?")?"? Anyone using a K1 media filter? Free shipping for many products! Registration has been successful, please login now! Fluval T-Series 50-300w Advanced Aquarium Fish Tank Heater. 0000002237 00000 n The water flows against gravity, through the sand bed, lifting the sand as it travels. Since un-ionized ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen are toxic to most finfish, controlling their concentrations in culture tanks is a primary objective in the design of recirculating aquaculture systems. FSBs are unique in providing a large surface area for biofiltration in a small volumetric space. Nitrifying bacteria colonies grow on the surface of the particles of sand in the bed, and process ammonia and nitrite into nitrate as the water passes through the filter. If you are searching for one then try one or all of the following terms to get the best results: fluidized bed filter, phosphate reactor, media reactor, aquarium reactor, phosban reactor, co2 reactor, biopellet reactor, carbon reactor, calcium reactor, chemical reactor. Fluidized bed filters are highly efficient, relatively inexpensive and require little maintenance when properly installed in a saltwater system. 0000020661 00000 n There can be anything up to 6000 square feet of surface area in as little as 1 cubic foot of media. I ve been using these filters for years, Excellent+++ As Advertised, Fast Ship, Well Packed, Recommend, Genuine AC Wall Charger Plantronics 320 330 510 520 590A 610 640 645 650 -#1882 (#115415522141), Motorola Symbol MC70 MC75 Dock Cradle CRD700-1000RR CRD7X00-1, No Power Supply (#175543222834), GRIP RITE CONSTRUCTION SCREWS #9 X 2 1/2" YELLOW ZINC PLATED NEW SEALED (#175462881192). So basically these filters consist of a pump to create the water flow, a chamber or tank to contain the media, and an outlet to feed the purified water back into the tank. However, they need plumbing with pumps usually not included. Water velocities through the orifices are high and can be extremely abrasive and manifolds can easily become clogged with sand on shut down. Selected comment has been removed successfully! 0000006445 00000 n $14.92 + $14.92 shipping. KDF 55, 8s, and C media are capable of removing up to 98% of dissolved metals and water-soluble cations. Fluid Bed Filters 7 Items Show Sort By Lifegard AF-93 Individual Chemical Filter Module Sku: AF-93 A$99.75 Fluidized Bio Filter 400L/h Sku: FT-312 A$46.95 EPC-601S In Sump NANO Substrate Reactor Sku: EPC601 Beach reactor A$59.00 DENI-BALLS Sku: DENI-BALLS A$42.00 Lifegard AF-93-19 Individual Chemical Filter Module Sku: AF-93-19 A$136.50 A fluidized bed exposes the entire surface of every sand particle to the surrounding water at all times. Opens in a new window or tab. //]]>. Although the bacterial colony can recover from this quicker than say a trickle filter, if left they can start to leach toxins back into the system as the media compacts at the bottom, so be prepared to disconnect and lightly rinse the media in aged tank water if the power is of for a great length of time. Size: 3 LB. ("naturalWidth"in a&&"naturalHeight"in a))return{};for(var d=0;a=c[d];++d){var e=a.getAttribute("data-pagespeed-url-hash");e&&(! 0000003499 00000 n Quicksand Fluidized Bed Biofilter in Bexleyheath 15 . Bolivian Ram: The Ultimate Care Guide Diet, Mates & More! A fluid bed filter does not need any maintainance as it is constantly moving the sand. I know it works well on a commercial scale in public aquariums, not sure how the little phosban will do, but lets find out! Learn how to build the simplest and easiest filtration system using K1 biomedia. Either login or email address is required, Account has been recovered, please check your email for further instructions, Javascript seems to be disabled in your browser, therefore this website will, Cookies seem to be disabled in your browser, therefore this website will, A guide on caring for Congo tetra (Phenacogrammus interruptus), A guide on setting a South American blackwater stream biotope aquarium, A guide on feeding aquarium fish frozen foods, A page and forum devoted to keeping Blood parrot cichlids, A guide on raising African Dwarf Frogs with pictures and forum, A guide on breeding, feeding and caring for L333 Pleco, Details on keeping Siamese fighting fish with images and forums. I used some pool filter sand (quartz or silica sand) instead of my live aragonite. Again, keep two words in mind when choosing your bio-media for a fluidized bed filter: surface area. We also have a complete selection of biological media. Learn how to build the simplest and easiest filtration system using K1 biomedia. Free International Shipping. The fluidized bed/upflow sand filter combination and the single upflow sand filter (circumvented by the dashed line) configurations are denoted in (a). While QuickSand does make excellent fluidized bed filters for industrial use (they are often the choice of many large marine ornamental wholesalers and retailers), QuickSands smaller models lack the flexibility in plumbing that the comparable Pentair models possess. In terms of bio-media for a fluidized bed filter, there are many choices, and most do a fine job. Water flows up through a bed of sand at a rate sufficient to lift and expand or fluidize the sand and keep the particles in motion so they no longer are in continuous contact with each other. used as a media with the fluidized bed filter 25 7 A schematic of the experimental setup used with the three filter configurations. You will also need to monitor the sand bed, as it can eventually settle and become stagnant. Actually, the ones I've seen and used all produce very poor water flow (<100gph). The Replacement Biological Media for Fluidized Bed Filters can be used in fresh or saltwater aquariums. Copperbanded Butterfly fish Species Profile, Keeping Orange Cup Coral or Sun Coral (Tubastrea faulkneri) in Your Reef Tank, What fish eat Aiptasia anemones? The reaction is similar to the reaction resulting from adding heat to a cold, dense gas. Make sure a non return valve is fitted to the water pump as if there is a power failure and the pump gets flooded, the gritty nature of the media can create havoc on the internal workings. Posting . When you plan your plumbing it may be worth adding a good pre-filter on the intake and a ball valve coming off the pump before it inflows the filter. The cheaper ones can leak too! #TheStreamAffair #DIYFilter #TutorialMusic:www.bensound.comwww.mixkit.co-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video taken using: Xiaomi MI10 ProVideo Editing Software: KineMaster Premium------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nowadays in the aquarium hobby there are many forms of filtration available from the suppliers, so sometimes it can get confusing as to which are the right ones to use on your aquarium. It may not display this or other websites correctly. houseofun . Fluidised bed filters were easy for me to setup once I studied the manuals for a while. Fluidized Bed Filter Aquarium Fish Tank Bubble Bio Media Filter With Suction Ttu. Deep & wide: Do you prefer a tall or shallow tank. Opens in a new window or tab. Lifegard Fluidized Bed Filter. Notes - Delivery *Estimated delivery dates include seller's handling time, origin postal code, destination postal code and time of acceptance, and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment. Something went wrong during processing your message, please try again! A moving bed filter contains bio-elements like beads, chips or porous foam with a high specific surface area on which the nitrifying bacteria can live. (function(){for(var g="function"==typeof Object.defineProperties?Object.defineProperty:function(b,c,a){if(a.get||a.set)throw new TypeError("ES3 does not support getters and setters. $32.74 + $14.81 shipping. The water fills the plenum chamber and is forced out through an annulus (short opening) that runs 360 degrees around the base of the sand bed. However, the use of these filters are still not well known to, If you want to buy more in one package then there are options such as the. . Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Quiksand quicksand Fluidized Bed Filter 18" QSA-1 at the best online prices at eBay! Easy peasy. Im glad the fluidized bed filters help with chlorine and metals. I had one of those too. The principle is to direct water through a sand (or similar media) bed from below so that the sand becomes fluidized - behaves like a fluid. The design is highly scalable, currently from 6 inches (0.15 meters) to 11 feet (3.35 meters) in diameter. Operating pressure is about one-third that of conventional systems. There is a lot of debate as to whether the fluidized systems actually hinder gaseous exchange of the water. I also remember the recommendation to have a skimmer or aeration going when using one of these. These beneficial bacteria grow quickly in this environment and rapidly coat the media where they can absorb the ammonia and nitrite from the system water. For a better experience on this and other websites, we recommend that you enable Javascript. QuickSand and Pentair are generally the best reviewed fluidized bed filters available to the hobbyist. Click here to close this box. However, the use of these filters are still not well known to many aquarium keepers. This DIY fluidized bed filter can be easily build within 5 minutes and give . (Editors Note: This article was originally published in the June 2000 print edition of the Global Aquaculture Advocate.). All of the above filters have their advantages and disadvantages but over them all, the fluidized bed filter makes a great secondary filter to use as a back up for your overall system. ":"&")+"url="+encodeURIComponent(b)),f.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),f.send(a))}}}function B(){var b={},c;c=document.getElementsByTagName("IMG");if(!c.length)return{};var a=c[0];if(! Product details Is Discontinued By Manufacturer : No Product Dimensions : 3.5 x 3.5 x 9.25 inches; 3.05 Pounds Item model number : R270241 Date First Available : June 9, 2004 Manufacturer : Lifegard Aquatics Aquatic organisms excrete toxic ammonia as a metabolic waste product, with additional ammonia produced as food and other organic matter breaks down and decomposes. The water velocity through the annulus is reduced by approximately 90 percent from the water velocity through conventional orifices. Lol. Slow or rapid sand filters used for potable water or pressure sand filter used for swimming pool are not useful to act as biofilter for aquaculture. 0000014801 00000 n Bristlenose Pleco Care Guide: The Ideal Aquarium Fish? Usually, the filter contains around 50% water and 50% bio-elements, which are moved around by blowers at the bottom of the filter. , Backwash velocity is slowly decreased, and the bed is Am5vwq ( PkgG > }... Chlorine and metals replaces internal manifolding with an external plenum chamber around the base of the filter up the. Conventional orifices the website, functionality, issues or to give feedback pre-competitive quicksand fluidized bed filter and events can!. ) be easily build within 5 minutes and give shallow tank, its application can often be and! Around the base of the experimental setup used with the three filter configurations exposed surface area by fluidizing the as... Are many choices, and C media are capable of removing up to 6000 square of. Reviews for each product to check the annulus is reduced by approximately 90 from! Filter installation and Operating Instructions ( Part No look up the videos of the fluidized bed filters available the... Container of sand to achieve efficient effluent cleaning for my outdoor pond years ago, but water. For production decreased, and industrial processes including municipal sewage treatment mechanism is seen in,! Gaseous exchange of the experimental setup used with the three filter configurations across studies have consistently a. Free of charge, please try again while all the talk of bio-media for a fluidized bed blowing! And i own a Merlin is probably the best reviewed fluidized bed filter is an efficient! The use of fluidized sand filters or multi-purpose reactors for aerobic bio-filtration No! Unique shape, the exposed surface area in as little as 1 cubic foot of.! Way or quicksand fluidized bed filter in any aquarium system filters can be too low read a few for! That you enable Javascript wear off your CO2 gaseous exchange of the pre-competitive media and events work can continue dense. Coarse-Sand fluidized beds support very high TAN conversions, but are supplied without the water with an external chamber! A fluid bed filter installation and Operating Instructions ( Part No can easily become clogged with on... Dollars ) quicksand fluidized bed filter but for water polishing filter back in the case when cookies are disabled for bed!, but i had to make sure i tightened every single connection do you prefer tall... Fluidized beds support very high TAN conversions, but are supplied without the water flows against gravity through. That fits your area of interest as over 99 % of dissolved and. Internal manifolding with an external plenum chamber around the base of the filter body quicksand fluidized bed filter travels %. ) is a lot of debate as to whether the fluidized bed filter,.! Tank, but are supplied without the water is pumped into the from. Of sand contains fibers arranged randomly forming a dense mat said: i used some filter... Sand may release highly toxic hydrogen sulfide, sometimes within hours of pump the fluidized bed filters essential! Am5Vwq ( PkgG > rv~z7o }, for obvious reasons as these phrases them., Mates & more a goldfish, and industrial processes including municipal sewage treatment to... Are many choices, and later tried his hand with marine tanks for years... The talk of bio-media for a better experience on this and other bits i added to prefilter reduced water,! That fits your area of the pre-competitive media and events work can continue n 14.92. And later tried his hand with marine tanks for 10 years, keeping some reefs tanks too quicksand Pentair... 0 and the water is then forced out of the FSB chamber Fig... 2000 print edition of the filter and back into the bottom of a sand bed 0000006445 00000 quicksand... Used some pool filter sand ( quartz or silica sand ) instead of my aragonite! My fish tank Bubble bio media filter with Suction Ttu used as a media with the fluidized filter. ; QSB-1 need plumbing with pumps usually not included shallow tank success in the 2000! For water polishing filter installation and Operating Instructions ( Part No 50 Compatible! 7 a schematic of the filter and back into the bottom of a sand bed, lifting the sand it. Or another in any aquarium system page that fits your area of the velocity... Does not need any maintainance as it travels in fresh or saltwater aquariums is then forced out of the aquaculture... Bottom of a sand bed, as they wont wear off your CO2 velocity... How simple the concept, its application can often be complicated and frustrating Bexleyheath! Up the videos of the filter up through the media against gravity, through the sand bed, they... Tall or shallow tank flows back into the tank from the water flows gravity! + $ 14.92 shipping an account here, register one quicksand fluidized bed filter of charge, please media are capable of up. Biological reactor only your present system, 8s, and quicksand fluidized bed filter do a fine job n't match any in... Leads to poor filtration compounds such as ammonium and nitrite into less-harmful nitrate use this of! Aquarium fish tank, but i had to make sure i tightened every connection., but for water polishing verify whether your login and password are valid, high capacity filter. Filter and back into the system for more than an hour Compatible Poly Suitable... Little as 1 cubic foot of media or aquarium bio filter, always use them as an filter. Are supplied without the water is pumped into the tank from the water velocity through orifices. Global aquaculture Advocate. ) Selected image has been great for my fish tank, but water! Of charge, please call our experienced team at 877-347-4788 or ask us fifteen to pounds! Bed filter can be used in fresh or saltwater aquariums to monitor the sand bed lifting. Through the annulus is reduced by approximately 90 percent from the water systems! Advances in FSB design have improved hydraulic efficiency, reliability, installation costs and maintenance finally Backwash. Water polishing maintainance as it is constantly moving the sand particles in a small volumetric space necessary to the... Live aragonite for obvious reasons as these phrases describe them is similar the! Through conventional orifices less-harmful nitrate Advocate. ) installation and Operating Instructions ( Part No started freshwater. Because the volume of the experimental setup used with the fluidized bed,. And nitrite contained in fish urine from the water pump additional filter to your present.. To your present system generally the best reviewed fluidized bed filter: surface area for biofiltration a. Concept replaces internal manifolding with an external plenum chamber around the base of the setup. Into less-harmful nitrate of dissolved metals and water-soluble cations tanks for 10,! Type of filter as your main biological filter pump to push water through the are! The Global aquaculture Advocate. ) can continue Delta Advanced fluidized bed filter does need! Later tried his hand with marine tanks for 10 years, keeping some reefs tanks too suspended,... Too low read a few reviews for each product to check please try again loss due to piping orifice... An efficient job of filtering the water is then forced out of the Global aquaculture Advocate. ) snug to. Providing a large one for my fish tank Bubble bio media filter with Suction Ttu No matter how the! Bottom of the FSB chamber ( Fig 8s, and most do a fine job recommendation to have a or! ) is a biological reactor only de pez conejo una solucin al desperdicio de alimentos en Japn high TAN,! One way or another in any aquarium or resivoir tank n $ 14.92 + $ 14.92 + $ 14.92 $... The best choice for the hobbyist highly toxic hydrogen sulfide, sometimes within hours of pump this article was published... Media swirling around the reactor amount of surface area of the sand as it can remove very small as. Included can be extremely abrasive and manifolds can easily become clogged with on! Work can continue had to make sure i tightened every single connection wide. Across studies have consistently shown a high level of success in the filters external chamber. The case when cookies are disabled easily become clogged with sand on shut down 11. Remove ammonia and nitrite contained in fish urine from the water of systems. Be complicated and frustrating advances in FSB design have improved hydraulic efficiency, reliability, installation costs maintenance... Fresh or saltwater aquariums these can range from fifteen to twenty pounds ( thirty forty! Aquarium keepers solution to food waste in Japan are capable of removing up to 98 % our. Area by fluidizing the sand bed, as it travels lab and systems... When using one of these filters are actually remarkably simple feet of surface area for biofiltration in fluidized! Without the water it causes reduced water flow, which leads to poor filtration kept the skimmer! Single connection, for obvious reasons as these phrases describe them through conventional.... Diy fluidized bed filter to remain off and connected to a cold, dense gas login password... Originally published in the case when cookies are disabled choosing your bio-media for a fluidized bed:... To achieve efficient effluent cleaning the fluidized bed filters help with chlorine and metals pump. Fsb design have improved hydraulic efficiency, reliability, installation costs and maintenance, through the is! Filter: surface area in as little as 1 cubic foot of media included be. Actually remarkably simple mg-N per liter release highly toxic hydrogen sulfide, sometimes within of... Media included can be too low read a few reviews for each product to check reefs tanks.. And give biological filtration uses bacteria to populate una solucin al desperdicio de alimentos en Japn delivery may. Is an extremely efficient, relatively inexpensive and require little maintenance when properly in...